Featherduster

For breaking crypto; It tries to make the process of identifying and exploiting weak cryptosystems as easy as possible

CrackStation

Crack known hashes LM, NTLM, md2, md4, md5, md5(md5_hex), md5-half, sha1, sha224, sha256, sha384, sha512, ripeMD160, whirlpool, MySQL 4.1+

Hashes.com

Decrypt MD5, SHA1, MySQL, NTLM, SHA256, SHA512 hashes

Hash_extender

Hash length extension attack

Xortool

XOR analysis, guess the key length or key

Hashcat

World’s fastest and most advanced password recovery tool. CPU/GPU brute forcing

John

Enhanced, "jumbo" version of John the Ripper supports hundreds of hash and cipher types

Ophcrack

Free Windows password cracker based on rainbow tables

Quipqiup

An online tool for breaking substitution ciphers or vigenere ciphers (without key)

Unshadow

Tool combines the passwd and shadow files so John can use them

Onlinehashcrack

Cloud Password Recovery Services assisting cyber security experts. WPA / Office / iTunes / Archive / PDF / Password / Hashes

Cmd5

Yet another site to decrypt hashes they also claim to brute force it within 5 days if it's not in their DB?

Ciphey

Automatically decrypt encryptions without knowing the key or cipher, decode encodings, and crack hashes

Name-That-Hash

Don't know what type of hash it is? Name That Hash will name that hash type! Identify MD5, SHA256 and 300+ other hashes

Cryptii

Web app offering modular conversion, encoding and encryption online. Translations are done in the browser without any server interaction. Very handy CTF tool!

CyberChef

The best online tool for analysing and decoding data